Objective: This review article presents a comprehensive overview of the distinctions between two enduring autoimmune disorders: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Ankyliosing spondylitis (AS), both of which affect the musculoskeletal system. The article highlights the differences in clinical manifestations, underlying mechanisms, and treatment approaches for these conditions. Methodology: This study is conducted by reviewing on google scholar using keywords such as RA and AS. Discussion: The article emphasizes that the key differences between these conditions lie in the affected body areas, genetic predisposition, and joint involvement. While RA mainly affects peripheral joints with inflammation of synovial tissues, AS primarily impacts the axial skeleton, leading to the fusion of spinal structures. RA has a strong autoimmune component, whereas AS is linked to HLA-B27. Treatment strategies differ, with RA benefiting from DMARDs and biologics, while AS relies on NSAIDs and TNF inhibitors. Understanding these distinctions is vital for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning. A patient’s quality of life may be significantly impacted by either of disease, underscoring the importance of early intervention and a multidisciplinary approach. Tailoring management to individual patient needs, considering factors like disease severity, comorbidities, and patient preferences, is essential. Regular monitoring, physical therapy, and lifestyle adjustments play crucial roles in managing these chronic conditions

Striae gravidarum are atrophic linear scars that represents one of the most common connective tissue changes of pregnancy. In most cases it heals on its own after leaving scar invariably. This unique case was encountered with atypical presentation of Striae Gravidarum showing full thickness dehiscence and ulcerative lesion on the striae gravidarum .The patient delivered vaginally and the lesions showed spontaneous healing post delivery

Parkinson's disease (PD), a prevalent neurological disorder, is marked by the degeneration of dopamineproducing neurons. In this study, a Wistar rat model of PD induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was used to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of an ethanolic extract of Citrullus colocynthis. The rats were injected with 6-OHDA using a Hamilton syringe and stereotaxic equipment to mimic Parkinsonism. After a 30-day post-surgery survival period, the rats received an oral dose of 200 mg/kg of the Citrullus colocynthis extract, which was prepared using a Soxhlet device with a 70:30 ethanol-to-water solvent ratio. The rats also underwent step-testing exercises. For comparison, a group received conventional therapy with 5 mg/kg of L-dopa+carbidopa. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated based on tremor, salivation, and performance in pole tests, open field tests, and rotarod tests. The findings suggest that Citrullus colocynthis may possess significant neuroprotective properties, making it a promising adjunctive therapy for Parkinson's disease

Background: Common mental illnesses (CMDs) are under-recognized and under-treated despite their higher frequency, which causes severe disability. The frequency of drug prescriptions varies geographically and is impacted by factors such as patient characteristics, disease prevalence, cultural and environmental factors, socioeconomic status, the accessibility of new medications, and physician prescribing practices. As a result, we want to examine how doctors treat various psychological conditions. Aim and Objectives: To estimate the commonly occurring psychiatric illnesses, estimate the prescription pattern of various psychiatric illnesses, and compare the sociodemographic characteristics and treatment of anxiety and depression. Materials and Methods: Our study was a cross-sectional observational study that was carried out for 6 months in a psychiatric outpatient department. A total of 2362 patient medical records were assessed for analysis. The data were analysed using SPSS. Result: In the present, males (53.68%) were more affected than females (46.31%). The majority of the patients (41.99%) were in the age group of 19–40; rural (68.54%) people were more affected than urban (31.46%), depression was the (24.34%) most commonly affecting psychiatric disorder, followed by anxiety (22.56%). Benzodiazepines (29.5%) were the most commonly prescribed psychotropic medication, followed by atypical antipsychotics (13.63%). Conclusion: In this study, we concluded that psychiatric disorders are more common in this era. To conduct an awareness program about psychiatric disorders and their symptoms among the people and counsel the patients and their families about their condition properly to reduce the morbidity of psychiatric disorders.

Rare diseases (RDs) are conditions that affect a small percentage of the population and are often chronic and life-threatening. With more than 350 million people worldwide suffering from over 8,000 RDs, progeria stands out as a rare genetic disorder causing premature aging. This disorder includes syndromes like Werner syndrome, Bloom syndrome, Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome (HGPS), and others, with HGPS being the most studied. HGPS is linked to mutations in the LMNA gene, which codes for lamin A and lamin C proteins. HGPS is caused by mutations in the LMNA gene, resulting in the production of an abnormal protein called progerin, which destabilizes cells and accelerates aging associated with detrimental phenotypic features. Progerin accumulation leads to genomic instability, dysregulated gene expression, delibated nuclear morphology and deficits in DNA repair. Awareness and education about rare diseases like progeria are crucial. Collaborative efforts involving patients, advocates, healthcare professionals, researchers, the pharmaceutical industry, and the government are essential for advancing research and treatment. Additionally, the potential role of nutraceuticals in future therapies should not be overlooked. Based on the articles analyzed, etiology, prevalence in India, treatment and supportive therapies and limitations of the reported treatment regimens have been examined. Possible targets identification, strategies for clinical trials are avenues for future research prospects.

Objective: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a critical medical condition characterized by a rapid decline in renal function, often associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This comprehensive review article provides an in-depth analysis of the current state of knowledge regarding AKI, focusing on recent advancements in its understanding and management. The review begins with an overview of the epidemiology, etiology, and risk factors of AKI, emphasizing the growing prevalence and the impact of various comorbidities on its incidence. It then delves into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AKI, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, shedding light on the complex interplay of these factors. Recent developments in diagnostic tools for early AKI detection are extensively discussed, highlighting the potential for improved outcomes through timely intervention. Furthermore, the article explores emerging therapeutic strategies, such as fluid management, nephrotoxic drugs and agents, Haemodynamic management, renal replacement therapy and extracorporeal support, and extracorporeal support, emphasizing the need for personalized treatment regimens. In addition to medical interventions, a comprehensive overview of preventive measures and strategies to mitigate AKI risk, particularly in high-risk populations, is provided. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving nephrologists, intensivists, and primary care physicians is underscored throughout the review. By synthesizing the latest research findings and clinical practices, this review aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts to enhance our understanding of AKI, improve early diagnosis, and develop more effective management strategies, ultimately striving for better outcomes and reduced mortality rates in patients suffering from this devastating condition.