A CLINICO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF FACIAL PIGMENTARY DISORDERS
Authors: Neelima Goyal, Ashok. S. Hogade, Juhi Tomar*
Publication Date: 2026/04/24
DOI: 10.59551/DOI: 10.59551/IJHMP/25832069/2026.7.1.115
Abstract
<p>Background: Facial pigmentary disorders are among the most common dermatological conditions and represent an important cosmetic concern for many patients. These disorders result from alterations in melanin production, distribution, or function within the skin and may present as hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation. Although generally benign, facial pigmentary disorders can cause considerable psychological distress and negatively affect quality of life.</p>
<p>Objectives: To evaluate the clinical profile and epidemiological characteristics of facial pigmentary disorders among patients attending a dermatology outpatient department.</p>
<p>Methods: This cross-sectional study included 325 patients presenting with facial pigmentary disorders at a tertiary care hospital. Detailed demographic information, clinical history, and dermatological examination findings were recorded using a structured proforma. Data regarding age, gender, occupation, socioeconomic status, presenting complaints, clinical diagnosis, and associated epidemiological factors were analyzed using descriptive statistics.</p>
<p>Results: A total of 325 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 28.94 ± 7.68 years. Females constituted the majority of participants (60%), while males accounted for 40%. Most patients belonged to the lower middle socioeconomic class (62.5%), and housewives represented the largest occupational group (50.2%). Hyperpigmented plaques were the most common clinical presentation (75.38%). Among facial pigmentary disorders, melasma was the most prevalent condition (46.46%), followed by post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (15.38%) and periorbital melanosis (10.46%). Sun exposure, cosmetic use, and inflammatory dermatoses such as acne were identified as common associated factors.</p>
<p>Conclusion: Facial pigmentary disorders are common dermatological conditions with significant cosmetic implications. Melasma was the most frequently observed disorder in the present study. Identification of associated factors such as sun exposure and cosmetic use is essential for early diagnosis and effective management.</p>
<p>KEYWORDS: Facial Pigmentary Disorders, Melasma, Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation, Periorbital Melanosis, Hyperpigmentation, Dermatology.</p>
References
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