Background: Vitamin D deficiency has emerged as a potential cardiovascular risk factor, but its independent association with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether hypovitaminosis D is independently associated with AMI after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods: We conducted a hospital-based case-control study involving 100 participants (50 AMI cases and 50 age-matched controls) at a tertiary care center in Jaipur, India. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured and categorized as deficient (<15 ng/mL), insufficient (15.1-29.9 ng/mL), or sufficient (≥30 ng/mL). Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios after controlling for established cardiovascular risk factors.

Results: Vitamin D deficiency was significantly more prevalent in AMI patients compared to controls (42% vs. 14%, p<0.01). After adjusting for confounders, vitamin D deficiency remained independently associated with AMI (adjusted OR: 4.18; 95% CI: 1.498-10.476; p<0.001), alongside smoking (adjusted OR: 2.93; 95% CI: 1.461-7.761; p<0.001), alcohol consumption (adjusted OR: 3.47; 95% CI: 1.964-8.376; p<0.001), and overweight/obesity (adjusted OR: 3.076; 95% CI: 1.68-7.81; p<0.001). AMI patients demonstrated significantly higher inflammatory markers, liver enzymes, and renal function parameters compared to controls (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is independently associated with increased risk of AMI, even after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. This suggests that assessment of vitamin D status and potential supplementation strategies could be considered in cardiovascular risk evaluation, particularly in populations with high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D

Keywords: Malaria, Uttar Pradesh, Bareilly, Badaun