This study aims to present an extensive and up-to-date review of pharmacological activities, Pharmacognostical studies and traditional medicinal uses of Cassia fistula. The golden shower tree Cassia fistula (Amaltas), which is 8–15 meters tall, is a member of the Leguminosae family. Reddish brown roots, compound leaves with three to eight leaflets each, cylindrical pods, and ovoid seeds are all characteristics of the Cassia fistula stem. Alkaloids, flavonoids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates are among the ingredients of Cassia fistulas bioactive. It has a greater impact on treating various illnesses and has antifungal, antibacterial, analgesic, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties, among others. A variety of activities have been reported to be present in it, including anthelmintic, antibacterial and wound healing activities. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to present a thorough analysis of the phytochemical constituents, pharmacological characteristics, and pharmacognostic qualities of Cassia fistula.