Using streptozotocin to artificially induce diabetes in rats, this study aimed to assess the potential effects of a hydroalcoholic extract of Peganum harmala on blood sugar levels. For this experiment, five groups of male Wistar albino rats (weighing 200-230 g each) were randomly allocated. Oral administration of two doses of Peganum harmala hydroalcoholic seed extract, along with normal saline, was given to diabetic and control rats. Two hundred and fifty milligrams per kilogram were administered. Blood samples were taken at the end of therapy to determine measures of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, Malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TCA), ALT, AST, bilirubin, and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C). Compared to normal rats, STZ-induced diabetic rats had substantially different levels of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-c, MDA, TAC, ALT, AST, GGT, bilirubin, and HbA1C. Rats with diabetes showed a considerable improvement in lipid profile, glucose, bilirubin, AST, GGT, and TAC levels after receiving the extract, but a marked decline in glucose, MDA, ALT, and HbA1C. According to the results of this investigation, hydroalcoholic seed extract of Peganum harmala possesses antidiabetic activity and might be useful in treating diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have demonstrated that P. harmala and its active alkaloids, especially harmine and harmaline, have a wide range of pharmacological and therapeutic actions. Chemical analyses have shown that harmalol, harmaline, and harmine are the principal components of this plant. These are beta-carboline alkaloids. There has been a disproportionate amount of focus on harmine among these naturally occurring alkaloids.