Objective: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a critical medical condition characterized by a rapid decline in renal function, often associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This comprehensive review article provides an in-depth analysis of the current state of knowledge regarding AKI, focusing on recent advancements in its understanding and management. The review begins with an overview of the epidemiology, etiology, and risk factors of AKI, emphasizing the growing prevalence and the impact of various comorbidities on its incidence. It then delves into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AKI, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, shedding light on the complex interplay of these factors. Recent developments in diagnostic tools for early AKI detection are extensively discussed, highlighting the potential for improved outcomes through timely intervention. Furthermore, the article explores emerging therapeutic strategies, such as fluid management, nephrotoxic drugs and agents, Haemodynamic management, renal replacement therapy and extracorporeal support, and extracorporeal support, emphasizing the need for personalized treatment regimens. In addition to medical interventions, a comprehensive overview of preventive measures and strategies to mitigate AKI risk, particularly in high-risk populations, is provided. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving nephrologists, intensivists, and primary care physicians is underscored throughout the review. By synthesizing the latest research findings and clinical practices, this review aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts to enhance our understanding of AKI, improve early diagnosis, and develop more effective management strategies, ultimately striving for better outcomes and reduced mortality rates in patients suffering from this devastating condition.