Background: Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common chronic complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and may remain asymptomatic during its early stages. Nerve conduction studies provide an objective and sensitive method for detecting subclinical peripheral nerve dysfunction before the onset of clinical manifestations.

Objective: To compare motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and distal latency of the median and ulnar nerves between controlled and uncontrolled patients with T2DM.

Materials and Methods: This hospital-based observational study was conducted in the Departments of Physiology and Medicine at Muzaffarnagar Medical College & Hospital. A total of 140 patients with T2DM aged 40–60 years were enrolled and categorized into controlled (Group A, n=70) and uncontrolled (Group B, n=70) diabetic groups. Patients with neurological disorders, alcohol abuse, smoking, vitamin deficiencies, thyroid disorders, heavy metal exposure, or medications affecting peripheral nerves were excluded. Unilateral motor nerve conduction studies of the median and ulnar nerves were performed using a computerized RMS EMG EP MK II system. Motor nerve conduction velocity and distal latency were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 17/20, with p value <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: The uncontrolled diabetic group demonstrated significantly reduced median and ulnar motor nerve conduction velocities and significantly prolonged distal latencies compared with the controlled diabetic group (p<0.001). These findings indicate early peripheral motor nerve dysfunction associated with poor glycemic control.

Conclusion: Poor glycemic control significantly impairs peripheral motor nerve conduction in patients with T2DM. Motor nerve conduction studies are effective, non-invasive tools for the early detection of subclinical diabetic neuropathy and may facilitate timely intervention to prevent disease progression and improve long-term neurological outcomes.

KEYWORDS: Diabetic Neuropathy-DN, Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity-MNCV, Motor Distal Latency -MDL.