An Experimental Evaluation of Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory activity of Asthma plant leaves

Author: Gunjan Verma, Ram Garg, Vandana Sharma, Mukesh Kumar Sharma, Mamta Sharma

Abstract:
Inflammation is complex biological response against harmful stimuli such as microbes, bacteria or irritants and it is a protective response. Inflammation is divided into acute, sub-acute and chronic patterns. There are several mediators of inflammation which is originate from cells or plasma such as histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, cytokines, bradykinin, Tachykinins and nitric oxide etc. Euphorbia hirtaL. is a traditional medicine belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is commonly known as duddhi, baradudhi and asthma weed. Traditionally, it is used in therapy of cancer, bronchitis, dysentery, asthmatic problems, helminthes infestations and kidney stones etc. Hence the objective of this research study is to conclude anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of aqueous extract of E.hirtaL. in wistar albino rats. Anti-inflammatory activity was studied by carrageenan induced paw edema method and analgesic activity was studied by Hot plate & Acetic acid induced writhing method.The leaves of E.hirta L. were shade dried, powdered and extracted with the help of water by cold maceration method. The phytochemical evaluation of plant leaves was done as per WHO guidelines. The phytochemical study confirms the existence of alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. For pharmacological evaluation of anti inflammatory and analgesic activity male wistar rats were used. Ibuprofen and Diclofenac sodium was used as standard drug. Crude aqueous extract was given orally at different doses of 100mg/kg, 300mg/kg and 500mg/kg in wistar rats 30mins before carrageenan injection. The volume of paw edema was measured by using plethysmometer at 1, 2 and 3 hr after carrageenan administration. Analgesic activity E.hirta L. was measured at different time intervals after the drug administration.The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of crude drug extract was exhibited a remarkable dose dependent reduction in inflammation and pain respectively. The inhibitory effect was highest (p<0.01) at 500mg/kg dose of drug. Extract and ibuprofen showed 53% and 64% inhibition of paw edema respectively, at 3hr after carrageenan administration. E.hirta L. showed significant analgesic activity (p<0.05) in all two models used to evaluate analgesic activity as compared to saline treated group.E.hirta L. leaves aqueous extract has a strong analgesic and anti inflammatory activity. These consequences help in the traditional uses of the plants and in the development of new treatments.